dfir
Digital forensics and incident response - Windows event log analysis, PCAP forensics, filesystem artifact analysis, AD attack detection, and timeline correlation. Use when investigating security incidents, analyzing Sherlocks, or performing threat hunting on provided evidence files.
- Installs
- 182
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Install
Works with every agent the skills CLI supports.
npx skills add https://github.com/transilienceai/communitytools --skill dfir- 01
Install
Run the command in your project. The CLI asks which agents to install for.
- 02
Describe the task
Ask your agent for something this skill covers. It loads dfir automatically when relevant.
- 03
Review the result
The agent follows the SKILL.md steps, scripts and references bundled with the skill.
SKILL.md
The instructions your agent reads when the skill is triggered.
DFIR
Investigate security incidents by analyzing event logs, network captures, and filesystem artifacts. Detect and reconstruct AD attack chains.
Techniques
| Domain | Key Capabilities |
|---|---|
| Windows Event Logs | EVTX parsing, Event ID correlation, logon tracking, privilege enumeration |
| Network Forensics | PCAP analysis, NTLM extraction, LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning detection, relay identification |
| Filesystem Forensics | MFT parsing, Prefetch analysis, VSS artifact recovery, Linux persistence, timeline reconstruction |
| AD Attack Detection | Kerberoasting, AS-REP roasting, NTDS dump, NTLM relay, credential theft |
| Memory Forensics | Volatility3 analysis: process trees, file extraction, SID resolution, command lines |
| Hash Analysis | NTLMv2 hash construction from pcap, offline cracking validation |
Workflow
- Inventory evidence — List all artifacts (EVTX, pcap, MFT, prefetch, registry)
- Parse structured data — EVTX with
python-evtx, pcap withtshark, MFT withanalyzeMFT - Identify attack indicators — Key Event IDs, suspicious traffic patterns, anomalous files
- Correlate across sources — Match timestamps, IPs, LogonIDs, and process IDs across artifacts
- Reconstruct timeline — Build chronological attack chain with UTC timestamps
- Answer investigative questions — Map findings to specific incident response queries
Tools
pip install python-evtx windowsprefetch analyzeMFT
brew install wireshark p7zip hashcat
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|
python-evtx | Parse Windows .evtx files |
tshark | CLI pcap analysis (NTLM, LLMNR, SMB filters) |
analyzeMFT | Parse NTFS Master File Table |
windowsprefetch | Parse Windows prefetch files (Windows host only) |
hashcat | Hash cracking (NTLMv2 mode 5600, Kerberos mode 13100/18200) |
volatility3 | Memory dump analysis (pstree, filescan, dumpfiles, getsid, cmdline) |
7z | Extract AES-encrypted evidence ZIPs |
Quick Reference: Key Event IDs
| Event ID | Log | Indicates |
|---|---|---|
| 4624 | Security | Successful logon (check Type + IP mismatch) |
| 4768 | Security | TGT request (PreAuthType=0 → AS-REP roast) |
| 4769 | Security | TGS request (EncType=0x17 → Kerberoast) |
| 4799 | Security | Group membership enumerated (VSS/ntdsutil) |
| 5140 | Security | Network share accessed |
| 7036 | System | Service state change (VSS start → NTDS dump) |
| 325/326/327 | Application | ESENT database create/detach/close |
| 330 | Application | ESENT database file info |
| 3006/3008 | DNS Client Events | DNS query sent/response received (malicious domain lookups) |
| 106/200 | Task Scheduler | Scheduled task created/executed (persistence via schtasks) |
Reference
- windows-event-analysis.md — EVTX parsing patterns and AD attack detection
- network-forensics.md — PCAP analysis for NTLM, LLMNR, relay detection
- filesystem-forensics.md — MFT, Prefetch, VSS artifact analysis
Critical Rules
- Answer formatting: When forensics questions ask for "the value" of a code variable (e.g., PHP
$shell), include language-specific string delimiters and terminators (e.g.,'value';not justvalue). Check placeholder hints for format clues. - For malicious Office OOXML, inspect more than VBA streams: attackers may split staged Base64 or script content across drawing/object descriptors, shared strings, named cells, and hidden UserForm control captions/values.
- When a VBA byte array starts with an
fnstenv/popdecoder stub, convert signed integers to raw bytes and test a Shikata-style rolling XOR decode before treating the shellcode as corrupt. - For legacy Excel BIFF/XLS malware, inspect
BOUNDSHEETrecords forhiddenorvery hiddenworksheets and specifically check for Excel 4.0 macro sheets; changing the hidden-state byte or parsing the sheet directly can expose staged strings and flag fragments that never appear in normal workbook views. - For webshell traffic in PCAPs, recover static keys from the uploaded server-side code first, then decrypt operator tasking before chasing later payloads; if a dropped XOR key file is referenced by a shellcode stage, verify where the encoded region actually starts instead of XORing the whole blob from offset zero.
- PowerShell stager pattern (in-place reverse + base64 + IEX): when a stage-1 PS script does
[array]::Reverse($charArr)followed byFromBase64String("$charArr"), the-joinline is often a red herring — string interpolation of a char array uses$OFS=' 'andFromBase64Stringtolerates whitespace. Reverse the original base64 string (not the joined-with-spaces version) and decode to get stage 2. - Multi-fragment flag exfil: forensic challenges may split a flag across (a) a hardcoded
$partNin the malware that is defined but never referenced (often base64'd), and (b) a field of the captured C2 POST body. Decrypt the body with the static AES key from the leaked stage-2 source (PowerShellEncrypt-StringputsIV‖ciphertextthen base64-wraps); inspect every JSON field for further base64. - All timestamps in UTC — convert from local time zones in pcap/logs. AM/PM trap: 12:XX AM = 00:XX (midnight), 12:XX PM = 12:XX (noon). 12 AM ≠ 01:00.
- Parse EVTX with
python-evtx(XML namespace:http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event) - Use
tsharkfor pcap (not scapy for large files) — filter with-Ydisplay filters - Decompress Win10 prefetch (MAM\x04 header) with
dissect.util.compression.lzxpress_huffman - For AES-encrypted ZIPs (compression method 99), use
7znotunzip
FAQ
What does the dfir skill do?
Digital forensics and incident response - Windows event log analysis, PCAP forensics, filesystem artifact analysis, AD attack detection, and timeline correlation. Use when investigating security incidents, analyzing Sherlocks, or performing threat hunting on provided evidence files.
How do I install dfir?
Run npx skills add https://github.com/transilienceai/communitytools --skill dfir in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/dfir/ (personal) or .claude/skills/dfir/ (project).
Which AI agents can use dfir?
Any agent that supports the open Agent Skills format (a folder with a SKILL.md file), including Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Gemini CLI, Windsurf, Cline, OpenCode and more.
Is dfir safe to install?
No partner security audit is available yet. Skills can run commands and scripts, so read the SKILL.md and any bundled files before installing.
Who maintains dfir?
It is published by transilienceai in transilienceai/communitytools. It has 182 recorded installs.
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