systemd

Q: How do I install systemd?

Run npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill systemd in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/systemd/ (personal) or .claude/skills/systemd/ (project).

by chaterm

Systemd 服务管理

Installs: 254
Last 24h: —
Trending rank: —
Security: Not audited

Install

Works with every agent the skills CLI supports.

npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill systemd

01
Install
Run the command in your project. The CLI asks which agents to install for.
02
Describe the task
Ask your agent for something this skill covers. It loads systemd automatically when relevant.
03
Review the result
The agent follows the SKILL.md steps, scripts and references bundled with the skill.

SKILL.md

The instructions your agent reads when the skill is triggered.

Systemd 服务管理

概述

Systemd 服务单元编写、依赖管理、日志查看等技能。

服务管理

基础命令

# 启停服务
systemctl start service-name
systemctl stop service-name
systemctl restart service-name
systemctl reload service-name       # 重载配置（不中断服务）

# 开机启动
systemctl enable service-name
systemctl disable service-name
systemctl enable --now service-name # 启用并立即启动

# 查看状态
systemctl status service-name
systemctl is-active service-name
systemctl is-enabled service-name
systemctl is-failed service-name

服务列表

# 列出所有服务
systemctl list-units --type=service
systemctl list-units --type=service --state=running
systemctl list-units --type=service --state=failed

# 列出所有单元文件
systemctl list-unit-files --type=service

# 查看依赖
systemctl list-dependencies service-name
systemctl list-dependencies --reverse service-name

单元文件

文件位置

# 系统单元（包管理器安装）
/usr/lib/systemd/system/

# 管理员自定义
/etc/systemd/system/

# 运行时生成
/run/systemd/system/

# 优先级：/etc > /run > /usr/lib

基础服务单元

# /etc/systemd/system/myapp.service
[Unit]
Description=My Application
Documentation=https://example.com/docs
After=network.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=appuser
Group=appgroup
WorkingDirectory=/opt/myapp
ExecStart=/opt/myapp/bin/start.sh
ExecStop=/opt/myapp/bin/stop.sh
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

服务类型

# simple（默认）- 主进程即服务进程
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/myapp

# forking - 传统守护进程
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/myapp.pid
ExecStart=/usr/bin/myapp -d

# oneshot - 一次性任务
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/backup.sh
RemainAfterExit=yes

# notify - 服务就绪通知
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/myapp

环境变量

[Service]
# 直接设置
Environment="VAR1=value1" "VAR2=value2"

# 从文件加载
EnvironmentFile=/etc/myapp/env
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/myapp/env.local  # - 表示可选

# 传递给子进程
PassEnvironment=HOME USER

资源限制

[Service]
# 文件描述符
LimitNOFILE=65535

# 进程数
LimitNPROC=4096

# 内存限制
MemoryLimit=512M
MemoryMax=1G

# CPU 限制
CPUQuota=50%

# 超时设置
TimeoutStartSec=30
TimeoutStopSec=30

安全选项

[Service]
# 用户隔离
User=appuser
Group=appgroup
DynamicUser=yes

# 文件系统保护
ProtectSystem=strict
ProtectHome=yes
ReadWritePaths=/var/lib/myapp

# 网络隔离
PrivateNetwork=yes

# 能力限制
CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
NoNewPrivileges=yes

日志管理

journalctl

# 查看服务日志
journalctl -u service-name
journalctl -u service-name -f       # 实时跟踪
journalctl -u service-name --since today
journalctl -u service-name --since "1 hour ago"
journalctl -u service-name -n 100   # 最后100行

# 按时间范围
journalctl --since "2024-01-01" --until "2024-01-02"

# 按优先级
journalctl -p err                   # 错误及以上
journalctl -p warning

# 输出格式
journalctl -u service-name -o json
journalctl -u service-name -o json-pretty

# 磁盘使用
journalctl --disk-usage
journalctl --vacuum-size=500M       # 清理到500M
journalctl --vacuum-time=7d         # 保留7天

定时器

Timer 单元

# /etc/systemd/system/backup.timer
[Unit]
Description=Daily Backup Timer

[Timer]
OnCalendar=daily
OnCalendar=*-*-* 02:00:00           # 每天凌晨2点
Persistent=true                      # 错过的任务补执行

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

# /etc/systemd/system/backup.service
[Unit]
Description=Backup Service

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/backup.sh

定时器管理

# 启用定时器
systemctl enable --now backup.timer

# 查看定时器
systemctl list-timers
systemctl list-timers --all

常见场景

场景 1：Node.js 应用

[Unit]
Description=Node.js Application
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=node
WorkingDirectory=/opt/nodeapp
ExecStart=/usr/bin/node /opt/nodeapp/app.js
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
Environment=NODE_ENV=production
Environment=PORT=3000

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

场景 2：Java 应用

[Unit]
Description=Java Application
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=java
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -jar /opt/app/app.jar
SuccessExitStatus=143
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

场景 3：覆盖系统服务配置

# 创建覆盖目录
systemctl edit nginx

# 或手动创建
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/
cat > /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/override.conf << EOF
[Service]
LimitNOFILE=65535
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart nginx

故障排查

问题	排查方法
服务启动失败	`systemctl status`, `journalctl -u`
依赖问题	`systemctl list-dependencies`
配置错误	`systemd-analyze verify service.service`
权限问题	检查 User/Group、文件权限
超时	调整 TimeoutStartSec

# 重载配置
systemctl daemon-reload

# 分析启动时间
systemd-analyze
systemd-analyze blame
systemd-analyze critical-chain

# 验证单元文件
systemd-analyze verify /etc/systemd/system/myapp.service

FAQ

What does the systemd skill do?

Systemd 服务管理

How do I install systemd?

Run npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill systemd in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/systemd/ (personal) or .claude/skills/systemd/ (project).

Which AI agents can use systemd?

Any agent that supports the open Agent Skills format (a folder with a SKILL.md file), including Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Gemini CLI, Windsurf, Cline, OpenCode and more.

Is systemd safe to install?

No partner security audit is available yet. Skills can run commands and scripts, so read the SKILL.md and any bundled files before installing.

Who maintains systemd?

It is published by chaterm in chaterm/terminal-skills. It has 254 recorded installs.

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systemd

Install

Install

Describe the task

Review the result

SKILL.md

Systemd 服务管理

概述

服务管理

基础命令

服务列表

单元文件

文件位置

基础服务单元

服务类型

环境变量

资源限制

安全选项

日志管理

journalctl

定时器

Timer 单元

定时器管理

常见场景

场景 1：Node.js 应用

场景 2：Java 应用

场景 3：覆盖系统服务配置

故障排查

FAQ

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