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Install
Works with every agent the skills CLI supports.
npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill cron- 01
Install
Run the command in your project. The CLI asks which agents to install for.
- 02
Describe the task
Ask your agent for something this skill covers. It loads cron automatically when relevant.
- 03
Review the result
The agent follows the SKILL.md steps, scripts and references bundled with the skill.
SKILL.md
The instructions your agent reads when the skill is triggered.
定时任务管理
概述
Cron 定时任务配置、日志监控、故障排查等技能。
Crontab 基础
管理命令
# 编辑当前用户的 crontab
crontab -e
# 查看当前用户的 crontab
crontab -l
# 删除当前用户的 crontab
crontab -r
# 管理其他用户的 crontab（需要 root）
crontab -u username -e
crontab -u username -l
时间格式
┌───────────── 分钟 (0-59)
│ ┌───────────── 小时 (0-23)
│ │ ┌───────────── 日 (1-31)
│ │ │ ┌───────────── 月 (1-12)
│ │ │ │ ┌───────────── 星期 (0-7, 0和7都是周日)
│ │ │ │ │
* * * * * command
特殊字符
* # 任意值
, # 列表 (1,3,5)
- # 范围 (1-5)
/ # 步长 (*/5 每5分钟)
# 示例
0 * * * * # 每小时整点
*/15 * * * * # 每15分钟
0 9-17 * * * # 9点到17点每小时
0 0 * * 1-5 # 工作日零点
0 0 1,15 * * # 每月1号和15号零点
特殊时间字符串
@reboot # 系统启动时
@yearly # 每年 (0 0 1 1 *)
@monthly # 每月 (0 0 1 * *)
@weekly # 每周 (0 0 * * 0)
@daily # 每天 (0 0 * * *)
@hourly # 每小时 (0 * * * *)
配置文件
用户 crontab
# 位置
/var/spool/cron/crontabs/username # Debian/Ubuntu
/var/spool/cron/username # CentOS/RHEL
# 格式
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
MAILTO=admin@example.com
# 任务
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh
系统 crontab
# /etc/crontab
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
# 格式：多了用户字段
# 分 时 日 月 周 用户 命令
0 2 * * * root /usr/local/bin/backup.sh
cron.d 目录
# /etc/cron.d/myapp
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
0 * * * * appuser /opt/myapp/hourly-task.sh
0 2 * * * root /opt/myapp/daily-backup.sh
预定义目录
/etc/cron.hourly/ # 每小时执行
/etc/cron.daily/ # 每天执行
/etc/cron.weekly/ # 每周执行
/etc/cron.monthly/ # 每月执行
# 放入可执行脚本即可
chmod +x /etc/cron.daily/myscript
最佳实践
脚本模板
#!/bin/bash
# /usr/local/bin/cron-task.sh
# 日志文件
LOG_FILE="/var/log/cron-task.log"
# 锁文件（防止重复执行）
LOCK_FILE="/var/run/cron-task.lock"
# 检查锁
if [ -f "$LOCK_FILE" ]; then
echo "$(date): Task already running" >> "$LOG_FILE"
exit 1
fi
# 创建锁
trap "rm -f $LOCK_FILE" EXIT
touch "$LOCK_FILE"
# 记录开始
echo "$(date): Task started" >> "$LOG_FILE"
# 执行任务
/path/to/actual/command >> "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1
EXIT_CODE=$?
# 记录结束
echo "$(date): Task finished with exit code $EXIT_CODE" >> "$LOG_FILE"
exit $EXIT_CODE
Crontab 条目
# 推荐写法
# 1. 使用绝对路径
# 2. 重定向输出
# 3. 添加注释
# 每日备份 - 凌晨2点
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh >> /var/log/backup.log 2>&1
# 每5分钟健康检查
*/5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/healthcheck.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
# 每周日志清理 - 周日凌晨3点
0 3 * * 0 /usr/local/bin/cleanup-logs.sh >> /var/log/cleanup.log 2>&1
环境变量
# 在 crontab 中设置
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
HOME=/home/user
MAILTO=admin@example.com
# 或在脚本中加载
#!/bin/bash
source /etc/profile
source ~/.bashrc
日志与监控
查看日志
# 系统日志
grep CRON /var/log/syslog # Debian/Ubuntu
grep CRON /var/log/cron # CentOS/RHEL
# 实时监控
tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep CRON
# 查看邮件（如果配置了 MAILTO）
cat /var/mail/username
调试技巧
# 手动测试脚本
/usr/local/bin/myscript.sh
# 模拟 cron 环境
env -i /bin/bash --noprofile --norc -c '/usr/local/bin/myscript.sh'
# 检查 cron 服务状态
systemctl status cron # Debian/Ubuntu
systemctl status crond # CentOS/RHEL
常见场景
场景 1：数据库备份
# 每天凌晨2点备份 MySQL
0 2 * * * /usr/bin/mysqldump -u root -p'password' database | gzip > /backup/db_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).sql.gz
# 注意：% 需要转义为 \%
场景 2：日志轮转
# 每天压缩并清理7天前的日志
0 0 * * * find /var/log/myapp -name "*.log" -mtime +7 -delete
0 1 * * * gzip /var/log/myapp/*.log.1
场景 3：监控告警
# 每5分钟检查服务状态
*/5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/check-service.sh || /usr/local/bin/send-alert.sh
场景 4：使用 flock 防止重复
# 使用 flock 确保单实例运行
*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/flock -n /var/lock/mytask.lock /usr/local/bin/mytask.sh
故障排查
| 问题 | 排查方法 |
|---|---|
| 任务不执行 | 检查 cron 服务状态、日志 |
| 权限错误 | 检查脚本权限、用户权限 |
| 环境变量问题 | 在脚本中设置 PATH |
| 命令找不到 | 使用绝对路径 |
| 输出丢失 | 重定向到日志文件 |
# 检查 cron 服务
systemctl status cron
# 检查用户是否被禁止
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny
# 检查语法
crontab -l | grep -v '^#' | while read line; do
echo "Checking: $line"
done
FAQ
What does the cron skill do?
定时任务管理
How do I install cron?
Run npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill cron in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/cron/ (personal) or .claude/skills/cron/ (project).
Which AI agents can use cron?
Any agent that supports the open Agent Skills format (a folder with a SKILL.md file), including Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Gemini CLI, Windsurf, Cline, OpenCode and more.
Is cron safe to install?
No partner security audit is available yet. Skills can run commands and scripts, so read the SKILL.md and any bundled files before installing.
Who maintains cron?
It is published by chaterm in chaterm/terminal-skills. It has 1,286 recorded installs.
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