Isometric Explainer

This skill makes a single-page interactive figure. The figure is a solid isometric machine on a bench. Each station of the machine stands for one step of a process. For example, a request card moves on a carriage, a probe drops, and a press stamps the card. A pure state model decides every move, so the picture, the numbers and the words match. The templates/ folder holds a working starter, and kit/ holds the geometry library it uses.

When to use

• The concept is a process with stations, order and failure modes: a loop, a pipeline, a cache, a queue, a retry policy.
• The reader can break one part and see what fails.
• The figure is the main content of a page.

When not to use

• A static diagram explains the idea. Make a flat SVG figure instead.
• The concept has no order or state change. Make a static figure instead.
• The figure is a small diagram inside a lesson or a README. Use the sibling skill blueprint-figure.
• You cannot write a deterministic model of the behavior. Do not animate a guess.
• The job needs more than 150 parts and the user has not approved the size.

Method

1. Invent the machine. Write one sentence: "X moves through Y, and that motion means Z." If you cannot write it, pick another machine. See references/concept.md.

2. Count the parts on paper before you draw, and pick a tier.

   Tier	Parts	Approval
   Figure	40 to 80	not needed
   Hero	80 to 150	not needed
   Larger	more than 150	get the user's approval first

3. Write the state model first. Make model.mjs pure and deterministic, with no DOM and no clock. simulate(config) returns an event list and totals. Test it before any geometry. See references/state-model.md.

4. Map each concept to a station. Write a table: station, concept word for its label, what it does, what fails without it.

5. Write the parts list. List each part with its assembly, size in world units, tone and whether it moves. Geometry comes after the list.

6. Set the camera. Use world units and one isometric camera. Set elevation to 30 degrees. Pick the azimuth so the working faces point at the viewer. Fit the projection over the assembled and the exploded pose.

7. Build the static geometry once. Each part becomes one SVG group with a depth key. Movers get a data-live hook. See references/geometry.md.

8. Animate by translation. Move a part by changing its transform only. Rebuild a path only when its shape changes, such as a rod that gets longer.

9. Paint from back to front. Sort groups by depth key plus the depth of their current offset. Reorder the DOM only when the order changes.

10. Paint with colour and ink. Each material has three flat tones, the main bodies have a heavy ink silhouette, and each body casts a short, flat, warm grey shadow on the bench. Exactly one accent colour marks the active part and its pill label. See references/colour-and-ink.md.

11. Add controls that change the model. Run, step, break, repair, reset and the config switches all act on a real simulate run. Write the config to the URL. See references/live.md.

12. Verify the page in a headless browser. Take screenshots at desktop and phone width in both themes. Add 4x close-ups, a line-end check, a scenario sweep with zero console errors and a contact sheet. See references/verify.md.

Rules

Truth:

• The state model is the single source of truth. Motion, readouts, trace lines and outcome text all come from its events.
• simulate with the same config returns the same events. A test proves this for every config combination.
• Never fake a real model, a real service or real metrics. A scripted part says "fixed script" in the page copy.
• Every page with simulated timing shows a sentence that starts "This is a simulation." and says that times are fixed costs, not measurements.
• Use real arithmetic in the model. Tests assert the exact numbers that the page prints.

Geometry:

• All coordinates are world units. Pixels appear only in the projection.
• Elevation is 30 degrees. The azimuth is one fixed value for the whole page. The reference page uses 60.
• Solids use inkSolid from kit/ink.mjs: three flat tones for each material, an ink outline, and a heavier silhouette round each main body.
• Every line ends on a solid or on another line. A line with a deliberate loose end carries data-free="start", "end" or "".
• Each station carries a pill label with a leader line to its working part, with its concept word in capitals, such as CACHE or VERIFIER. The page has a Labels switch and reads ?labels=0.
• Status lights show the state the model gives each station: green when it finished, red when it failed or left a gap.
• Glass covers show what is inside a station: a light tint and one or two streaks.
• A part that rests on another part gets a depth bias so it paints after its support.

Motion:

• Movers change transform only. A path that changes shape is rebuilt from cached results where it can be.
• One beat lasts 0.1 to 1.3 seconds. Travel time grows with distance.
• Explode uses a spring with stiffness 64, damping 14.2 and a 0.04 s stagger per assembly.
• Clamp the frame step to 1/20 s so a slow frame never skips a beat.
• With reduced motion, runs advance 40 times faster and explode snaps to its end pose.
• The animation loop stops when the stage is off screen and when nothing moves.

Page:

• The workbench fits one screen at desktop width: toolbar, stage and readouts in 100svh.
• At phone width the page stacks and never scrolls sideways.
• Buttons are at least 44 px tall. The stage takes focus and has keyboard keys for run, step, explode, break and repair.
• The SVG has role="img" and an aria-label that names every station.
• An aria-live="polite" region announces the outcome when a run ends.

Check before you finish

• The one-sentence machine statement is written in the page copy or the build notes.
• The part count matches the approved tier.
• Model tests pass, including a sweep over every config combination.
• The page is the output of the build script. Rebuilding produces no diff.
• Every config control calls simulate and updates the URL.
• Opening the URL with ? parameters restores the same config.
• Exactly one accent colour shows at any moment, and it follows the active part.
• Every station shows a readable pill label in both themes and at phone width, and no pill covers a mover or another pill.
• The wobble slider, the colour swatches and the Labels switch work, and ?labels=0 starts with the labels off.
• A "The big idea" line under the figure says the point in plain words.
• The line-end check reports zero loose ends.
• The scenario sweep runs every config to the end with zero console errors.
• Desktop and phone screenshots in light and dark show no clipping and no horizontal scroll.
• The exploded pose stays inside the stage.
• The simulation sentence is on the page.

Files

• references/concept.md: invent the machine, the one-sentence test, concept mapping, sizing.
• references/state-model.md: the model contract, event shape, tests, URL state.
• references/geometry.md: units, camera, parts list, kit functions, shading, depth keys, labels.
• references/colour-and-ink.md: materials, tones, ink weights, cast shadows, glass, status lights, pill labels, wobble and the dark theme.
• references/live.md: the beat timeline, the draw loop, sorting, accent, controls, accessibility, layout.
• references/verify.md: the headless verification loop with a script.
• templates/model.mjs, templates/model.test.mjs, templates/build.mjs, templates/live.js: a working cache machine. Run node templates/build.mjs to write templates/out.html. Run node --test templates/model.test.mjs for the model tests.
• kit/iso-kit.mjs, kit/lathe.mjs, kit/tube.mjs: projection, solids, lathe bodies, tubes and the base CSS. Keep kit/LICENSE with the kit.
• kit/ink.mjs: the colour and ink layer: inkSolid, silhouetteSvg, castShadowSvg, glassSvg, pillSvg, wobbleFilter, PALETTES and INK_CSS.

Inside the AI Engineering from Scratch repo, also see scripts/decompiler-machine/ and site/test_decompiler_machine.js for a full hero build in the colour and ink look, and scripts/agent-machine/ for the older grey look.