
cuttingparams
Cutting parameter lookup and optimization for CNC machining. Covers feeds, speeds, depths of cut for common materials and operations. USE WHEN user asks 'feeds and speeds', 'cutting parameters', 'SFM for', 'what RPM', 'feed rate for', 'DOC for', or needs machining parameter guidance.
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Install
Works with every agent the skills CLI supports.
npx skills add https://github.com/robdtaylor/personal-ai-infrastructure --skill cuttingparams- 01
Install
Run the command in your project. The CLI asks which agents to install for.
- 02
Describe the task
Ask your agent for something this skill covers. It loads cuttingparams automatically when relevant.
- 03
Review the result
The agent follows the SKILL.md steps, scripts and references bundled with the skill.
SKILL.md
The instructions your agent reads when the skill is triggered.
CuttingParams - Machining Parameter Reference
Purpose: Quick lookup and calculation of cutting parameters. Starting points that work, with adjustment guidance.
When to Activate
- "What's the SFM for 316 stainless?"
- "Feeds and speeds for 7075 aluminium"
- "What RPM for a 12mm endmill in steel?"
- "Recommended DOC for titanium roughing"
- "Help me optimize my cutting parameters"
Workflow Routing
| User Request | Route |
|---|---|
| "feeds and speeds for [material]" | Look up material in turning/milling tables, return Vc + feed range |
| "what RPM for [diameter] in [material]" | Calculate RPM = (Vc × 318.3) / diameter |
| "SFM for [material]" | Convert: SFM × 0.3048 = m/min; m/min × 3.28084 = SFM |
| "DOC for [operation]" | Return DOC column from material table |
| "help with chatter / tool wear / surface finish" | Route to Troubleshooting Parameters section |
| "Swiss machine / CITIZEN params" | Route to Swiss Machine Parameters section |
| "optimize parameters" | Compare current vs table values, suggest adjustments |
Examples
Example 1 — RPM calculation for 12mm endmill in 316SS:
"What RPM for a 12mm endmill in 316 stainless?" Vc = 90 m/min (starting point), RPM = (90 × 318.3) / 12 = 2,387 RPM Feed = Fz × flutes × RPM = 0.06 × 5 × 2387 = 716 mm/min
Example 2 — Turning parameters for Ti-6Al-4V:
"Feeds and speeds for titanium turning" Roughing: Vc 40–70 m/min, Feed 0.1–0.2 mm/rev, DOC 0.8–2mm Finishing: Vc 55–90 m/min, Feed 0.06–0.1 mm/rev Tool: Uncoated or PVD carbide, high-pressure coolant 70+ bar
Example 3 — Troubleshooting chatter:
"I'm getting chatter on 4140 steel — what should I adjust?" Check: tool overhang (reduce stickout), try ±20% RPM change, increase feed/DOC, verify workholding rigidity, try smaller nose radius insert
Core Formulas
Unit Conversions
SFM to m/min (correct formula):
Feed Rate
Turning:
Feed (mm/min) = Feed per Rev (mm/rev) × RPM
Milling:
Feed (mm/min) = Feed per Tooth (mm/tooth) × Number of Teeth × RPM
Metal Removal Rate (MRR)
Turning:
MRR (cm³/min) = DOC × Feed × Vc × 1000
Milling:
MRR (cm³/min) = WOC × DOC × Feed Rate / 1000
Material Parameters - Turning
Aluminium Alloys
| Material | Vc Rough (m/min) | Vc Finish (m/min) | Feed Rough (mm/rev) | Feed Finish (mm/rev) | DOC Rough (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6061-T6 | 300-500 | 400-600 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.08-0.15 | 2-5 |
| 7075-T6 | 250-400 | 350-500 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.08-0.12 | 2-4 |
| 2024-T3 | 250-400 | 350-500 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.08-0.12 | 2-4 |
| Cast Aluminium | 200-350 | 300-450 | 0.15-0.3 | 0.08-0.12 | 1.5-3 |
Tool: Uncoated carbide, polished rake face, sharp edge Coolant: Flood or mist, water-soluble OK
Carbon & Alloy Steels
| Material | Hardness | Vc Rough (m/min) | Vc Finish (m/min) | Feed Rough (mm/rev) | Feed Finish (mm/rev) | DOC Rough (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1018 | 130 HB | 180-250 | 220-300 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.08-0.15 | 2-4 |
| 1045 | 180 HB | 150-220 | 180-260 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.08-0.12 | 1.5-3.5 |
| 4140 | 200 HB | 120-180 | 150-220 | 0.15-0.3 | 0.08-0.12 | 1.5-3 |
| 4140 | 300 HB | 80-120 | 100-150 | 0.1-0.25 | 0.05-0.1 | 1-2.5 |
| 4340 | 280 HB | 90-140 | 120-170 | 0.1-0.25 | 0.05-0.1 | 1-2.5 |
Tool: Coated carbide (CVD for roughing, PVD for finishing) Coolant: Flood, high-pressure preferred
Stainless Steels
| Material | Vc Rough (m/min) | Vc Finish (m/min) | Feed Rough (mm/rev) | Feed Finish (mm/rev) | DOC Rough (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 303 | 120-180 | 150-220 | 0.15-0.3 | 0.08-0.12 | 1.5-3 |
| 304 | 100-150 | 120-180 | 0.12-0.25 | 0.06-0.1 | 1-2.5 |
| 316 | 80-130 | 100-160 | 0.1-0.22 | 0.05-0.1 | 1-2 |
| 316L | 80-120 | 100-150 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.05-0.1 | 1-2 |
| 17-4PH (H1025) | 70-110 | 90-140 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.05-0.08 | 0.8-1.8 |
| 17-4PH (H900) | 50-80 | 70-100 | 0.08-0.15 | 0.04-0.08 | 0.5-1.5 |
Tool: PVD coated carbide (TiAlN, AlTiN), positive rake Coolant: High-pressure flood essential, don't let it rub Warning: Work hardens - stay aggressive, don't dwell
Tool Steels
| Material | Condition | Vc Rough (m/min) | Vc Finish (m/min) | Feed Rough (mm/rev) | Feed Finish (mm/rev) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D2 | Annealed | 60-100 | 80-120 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.05-0.1 |
| D2 | Hardened (58-62 HRC) | CBN/Ceramic only | 80-150 | 0.05-0.12 | 0.03-0.08 |
| H13 | Annealed | 80-120 | 100-150 | 0.12-0.22 | 0.06-0.1 |
| H13 | Hardened (48-52 HRC) | 40-70 | 60-100 | 0.08-0.15 | 0.04-0.08 |
| A2 | Annealed | 70-110 | 90-140 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.05-0.1 |
| S7 | Annealed | 80-120 | 100-150 | 0.12-0.22 | 0.06-0.1 |
Tool: For hardened - CBN or ceramic inserts Coolant: Often dry for hardened (CBN), flood for annealed
Titanium Alloys
| Material | Vc Rough (m/min) | Vc Finish (m/min) | Feed Rough (mm/rev) | Feed Finish (mm/rev) | DOC Rough (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CP Grade 2 | 60-90 | 80-120 | 0.15-0.25 | 0.08-0.12 | 1-2.5 |
| Ti-6Al-4V | 40-70 | 55-90 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.06-0.1 | 0.8-2 |
| Ti-6Al-4V (aged) | 35-55 | 45-75 | 0.08-0.15 | 0.05-0.08 | 0.5-1.5 |
Tool: Uncoated or PVD carbide, sharp edge, positive rake Coolant: HIGH-PRESSURE flood (70+ bar), copious amounts Warning: Fire risk with chips, poor thermal conductivity
Superalloys
| Material | Vc Rough (m/min) | Vc Finish (m/min) | Feed Rough (mm/rev) | Feed Finish (mm/rev) | DOC Rough (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inconel 718 | 25-45 | 35-60 | 0.1-0.18 | 0.05-0.1 | 0.5-1.5 |
| Inconel 625 | 25-40 | 35-55 | 0.08-0.15 | 0.05-0.08 | 0.5-1.2 |
| Hastelloy C-276 | 20-35 | 30-50 | 0.08-0.15 | 0.04-0.08 | 0.4-1 |
| Waspaloy | 20-40 | 30-55 | 0.08-0.15 | 0.05-0.08 | 0.5-1.2 |
Tool: Ceramic (roughing), CBN (finishing), or whisker-reinforced Coolant: High-pressure flood or dry with ceramic Warning: Extreme tool wear, work hardens badly
Plastics
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | DOC (mm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delrin/Acetal | 200-400 | 0.1-0.3 | 1-4 | Sharp tools, watch heat |
| Nylon | 150-300 | 0.1-0.25 | 1-3 | Flexible, support well |
| PEEK | 100-200 | 0.08-0.2 | 0.5-2 | Expensive, careful |
| PTFE | 150-300 | 0.1-0.25 | 1-3 | Very flexible |
| Polycarbonate | 150-300 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.5-2 | Stress cracking risk |
Tool: Sharp, polished, uncoated carbide or PCD Coolant: Air blast or mist (avoid flooding most plastics)
Brass & Bronze
| Material | Vc Rough (m/min) | Vc Finish (m/min) | Feed Rough (mm/rev) | Feed Finish (mm/rev) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free-cutting Brass | 200-400 | 300-500 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.08-0.15 |
| Naval Brass | 150-250 | 200-350 | 0.12-0.28 | 0.06-0.12 |
| Phosphor Bronze | 100-180 | 150-250 | 0.1-0.22 | 0.05-0.1 |
| Aluminium Bronze | 80-140 | 120-200 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.05-0.1 |
Tool: Uncoated carbide, neutral or slightly negative rake for brass Coolant: Often dry, light mist for finish
Material Parameters - Milling
Aluminium Alloys
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Fz Rough (mm/tooth) | Fz Finish (mm/tooth) | Ae Rough | Ap Rough |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6061-T6 | 300-600 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.05-0.1 | 50-70% | 1-2×D |
| 7075-T6 | 250-500 | 0.08-0.18 | 0.04-0.08 | 50-70% | 1-1.5×D |
Tool: 2-3 flute, polished, high helix (45°), uncoated or ZrN
Steels
| Material | Hardness | Vc (m/min) | Fz Rough (mm/tooth) | Fz Finish (mm/tooth) | Ae Rough | Ap Rough |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1018 | 130 HB | 150-250 | 0.08-0.15 | 0.04-0.08 | 40-60% | 0.5-1×D |
| 4140 | 200 HB | 100-180 | 0.06-0.12 | 0.03-0.06 | 30-50% | 0.5-1×D |
| 4140 | 300 HB | 60-100 | 0.04-0.1 | 0.02-0.05 | 25-40% | 0.3-0.7×D |
Tool: 4+ flute, AlTiN or TiAlN coated, variable helix
Stainless Steels
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Fz Rough (mm/tooth) | Fz Finish (mm/tooth) | Ae Rough | Ap Rough |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 304 | 80-140 | 0.05-0.1 | 0.03-0.06 | 30-50% | 0.3-0.8×D |
| 316 | 60-120 | 0.04-0.09 | 0.02-0.05 | 25-45% | 0.3-0.7×D |
| 17-4PH | 50-100 | 0.04-0.08 | 0.02-0.05 | 25-40% | 0.3-0.6×D |
Tool: 5+ flute, AlTiN coated, variable pitch, through-coolant Strategy: High-efficiency milling (HEM) / trochoidal preferred
Titanium
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Fz (mm/tooth) | Ae | Ap | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ti-6Al-4V | 40-70 | 0.05-0.1 | 10-20% | 1-2×D | HEM essential |
Tool: 5+ flute, variable helix, through-coolant, sharp Strategy: Light radial, deep axial, high-pressure coolant
Superalloys
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Fz (mm/tooth) | Ae | Ap | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inconel 718 | 20-45 | 0.03-0.08 | 10-15% | 0.5-1.5×D | Ceramic or CBN |
Tool: Ceramic endmills for roughing, CBN for finishing Strategy: Light engagement, rigid setup essential
Drilling Parameters
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | Peck Depth | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | 80-150 | 0.15-0.3 | 3×D | Through-coolant preferred |
| Mild Steel | 25-40 | 0.1-0.25 | 1-2×D | Flood coolant |
| Stainless | 15-30 | 0.08-0.18 | 0.5-1×D | High-pressure, frequent peck |
| Titanium | 12-25 | 0.06-0.12 | 0.3-0.5×D | Through-coolant essential |
| Inconel | 8-15 | 0.04-0.1 | 0.2-0.3×D | Carbide or CBN |
Peck Drilling Guide
| Hole Depth | Peck Frequency | Retract |
|---|---|---|
| < 3×D | No peck needed | - |
| 3-5×D | Every 1×D | Full retract |
| 5-10×D | Every 0.5×D | Full retract |
| > 10×D | Gundrilling | - |
Threading Parameters
Single-Point Threading (Turning)
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Infeed Method | Passes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | 100-200 | Flank/Modified | 4-6 |
| Steel | 60-100 | Modified flank | 6-10 |
| Stainless | 40-80 | Modified flank | 8-12 |
| Titanium | 25-50 | Radial | 10-15 |
DOC per pass: Start at 0.2-0.3mm, reduce progressively
Thread Milling
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Fz (mm/tooth) |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | 150-300 | 0.05-0.1 |
| Steel | 80-150 | 0.03-0.08 |
| Stainless | 50-100 | 0.02-0.06 |
| Titanium | 30-60 | 0.02-0.05 |
Tapping
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | 20-40 | Spiral flute, flood |
| Steel | 10-25 | Spiral point, flood |
| Stainless | 5-15 | Form tap or spiral flute |
| Titanium | 3-8 | Spiral flute, high-pressure |
Insert Selection Guide
Turning Insert Grades
| Material | Roughing | Finishing |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | Uncoated, polished | PCD or uncoated polished |
| Steel (<300 HB) | CVD coated | PVD coated |
| Steel (>300 HB) | Ceramic/CBN | CBN |
| Stainless | PVD (TiAlN) | PVD (AlTiN) |
| Titanium | Uncoated or PVD | Uncoated sharp |
| Inconel | Ceramic | CBN or ceramic |
Insert Geometry
| Application | Nose Radius | Rake | Lead Angle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heavy roughing | 1.2-1.6mm | Negative | 45° |
| Light roughing | 0.8mm | Neutral | 90° |
| Finishing | 0.4mm | Positive | 90° |
| Precision finish | 0.2mm | Positive | 90° |
| Interrupted cut | 0.8-1.2mm | Negative | 45° |
Troubleshooting Parameters
Problem: Poor Surface Finish
| Symptom | Likely Cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Rough, torn | Speed too low | Increase Vc 20% |
| Feed marks visible | Feed too high | Reduce feed 20% |
| Chatter marks | Vibration | Reduce DOC, increase feed |
| Built-up edge | Wrong speed/material | Increase speed, change insert |
| Smearing | Rubbing | Sharper insert, increase feed |
Problem: Rapid Tool Wear
| Wear Type | Cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Flank wear | Speed too high | Reduce Vc 15-20% |
| Crater wear | Heat/chemical | Better coating, reduce speed |
| Notch wear | Work hardening | Vary DOC, change lead angle |
| Chipping | Interrupted/shock | Tougher grade, reduce feed |
| Built-up edge | Speed too low | Increase Vc, better coating |
Problem: Chatter/Vibration
| Cause | Solution |
|---|---|
| Tool overhang | Reduce stickout, larger shank |
| Light cut | Increase feed or DOC |
| Wrong speed | Adjust RPM (try ±20%) |
| Part not rigid | Better workholding, steadies |
| Insert nose radius | Smaller radius |
Problem: Chip Control
| Issue | Material | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Bird's nest | Stainless, aluminium | Chipbreaker, increase feed |
| Stringy chips | Ductile materials | Higher feed, chipbreaker |
| Long chips | Low carbon steel | Increase feed, DOC |
| Chip packing | Deep holes | Peck drilling, through-coolant |
| Welding to tool | Aluminium, stainless | Increase speed, better coating |
Swiss Machine Parameters (CITIZEN)
Small Diameter Work (Ø3-10mm)
| Material | Vc (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | DOC (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 303SS | 80-120 | 0.02-0.06 | 0.2-0.8 |
| 316SS | 60-100 | 0.02-0.05 | 0.15-0.6 |
| Brass | 150-250 | 0.03-0.08 | 0.3-1.0 |
| Aluminium | 200-350 | 0.03-0.08 | 0.3-1.2 |
| Ti-6Al-4V | 30-50 | 0.01-0.04 | 0.1-0.4 |
LFV Settings (CITIZEN LFV)
| Material | Use LFV? | Frequency | Amplitude |
|---|---|---|---|
| 316SS | Yes | 10-20 Hz | 0.05-0.15mm |
| 304SS | Yes | 10-20 Hz | 0.05-0.15mm |
| Titanium | Yes | 8-15 Hz | 0.03-0.1mm |
| Aluminium | Rarely | - | - |
| Brass | No | - | - |
| Plastics | Sometimes | 5-10 Hz | 0.02-0.08mm |
LFV Benefits: Breaks chips into small segments, eliminates bird-nesting, improves surface finish on gummy materials
Quick Reference Cards
Turning - Starting Points
ALUMINIUM: Vc=400 Feed=0.2 DOC=3mm
STEEL: Vc=180 Feed=0.2 DOC=2mm
STAINLESS: Vc=100 Feed=0.15 DOC=1.5mm
TITANIUM: Vc=50 Feed=0.12 DOC=1mm
INCONEL: Vc=30 Feed=0.1 DOC=0.8mm
Milling - Starting Points
ALUMINIUM: Vc=400 Fz=0.15 Ae=50% Ap=1×D
STEEL: Vc=150 Fz=0.08 Ae=40% Ap=0.7×D
STAINLESS: Vc=90 Fz=0.06 Ae=30% Ap=0.5×D
TITANIUM: Vc=50 Fz=0.06 Ae=15% Ap=1.5×D (HEM)
INCONEL: Vc=30 Fz=0.05 Ae=10% Ap=1×D (HEM)
RPM Quick Calc (metric)
RPM = (Vc × 318) / Diameter(mm)
Examples @ Vc=100 m/min:
Ø6mm = 5,300 RPM
Ø10mm = 3,180 RPM
Ø12mm = 2,650 RPM
Ø16mm = 1,990 RPM
Ø20mm = 1,590 RPM
Ø25mm = 1,270 RPM
Ø50mm = 636 RPM
Integration
- CNCSetup: Auto-populate cutting parameters in setup sheets
- TribalKnowledge: Store proven parameters that beat book values
- QuoteEstimator: More accurate cycle times with real parameters
- PlantCapability: Material-specific machine recommendations
FAQ
What does the cuttingparams skill do?
Cutting parameter lookup and optimization for CNC machining. Covers feeds, speeds, depths of cut for common materials and operations. USE WHEN user asks 'feeds and speeds', 'cutting parameters', 'SFM for', 'what RPM', 'feed rate for', 'DOC for', or needs machining parameter guidance.
How do I install cuttingparams?
Run npx skills add https://github.com/robdtaylor/personal-ai-infrastructure --skill cuttingparams in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/cuttingparams/ (personal) or .claude/skills/cuttingparams/ (project).
Which AI agents can use cuttingparams?
Any agent that supports the open Agent Skills format (a folder with a SKILL.md file), including Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Gemini CLI, Windsurf, Cline, OpenCode and more.
Is cuttingparams safe to install?
No partner security audit is available yet. Skills can run commands and scripts, so read the SKILL.md and any bundled files before installing.
Who maintains cuttingparams?
It is published by robdtaylor in robdtaylor/personal-ai-infrastructure. It has 42 recorded installs.
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