typography
Apply professional typography principles to create readable, hierarchical, and aesthetically refined interfaces. Use when setting type scales, choosing fonts, adjusting spacing, designing text-heavy layouts, implementing dark mode typography, or when asked about readability, font pairing, line height, measure, typographic hierarchy, variable fonts, font loading, or OpenType features.
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Install
Works with every agent the skills CLI supports.
npx skills add https://github.com/petekp/agent-skills --skill typography- 01
Install
Run the command in your project. The CLI asks which agents to install for.
- 02
Describe the task
Ask your agent for something this skill covers. It loads typography automatically when relevant.
- 03
Review the result
The agent follows the SKILL.md steps, scripts and references bundled with the skill.
SKILL.md
The instructions your agent reads when the skill is triggered.
Typography
Professional typography for user interfaces, grounded in principles from the masters.
"Typography exists to honor content." — Robert Bringhurst
Reference Files
For detailed guidance on specific topics, consult these references:
| Topic | When to Read |
|---|---|
| masters.md | Seeking authoritative backing, making nuanced judgments, understanding "why" |
| variable-fonts.md | Using variable fonts, fluid weight, performance optimization |
| font-loading.md | FOIT/FOUT issues, preloading, Core Web Vitals, self-hosting |
| opentype-features.md | Ligatures, tabular numbers, stylistic sets, slashed zero |
| fluid-typography.md | clamp(), text-wrap, truncation, vertical rhythm, font smoothing |
| tailwind-integration.md | Tailwind typography utilities, prose plugin, customization |
| internationalization.md | RTL languages, Arabic/Hebrew, CJK, bidirectional text |
Output Formats
Type System Recommendations
## Type System
### Scale
- Base: [size, e.g., 16px]
- Ratio: [e.g., Minor Third 1.200]
- Rationale: [why this ratio]
### Hierarchy
| Level | Size | Weight | Line Height | Letter Spacing | Use |
|-------|------|--------|-------------|----------------|-----|
| Display | ... | ... | ... | ... | Hero, marketing |
| H1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | Page titles |
| H2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | Section heads |
| Body | ... | ... | ... | ... | Paragraphs |
| Small | ... | ... | ... | ... | Captions, labels |
### Fonts
- Primary: [font] — [rationale]
- Secondary: [font, if applicable]
- Mono: [font, if applicable]
### Implementation
[Ready-to-use CSS/Tailwind]
Typography Audits
## Typography Audit
### Issues
| Element | Problem | Recommendation |
|---------|---------|----------------|
| ... | ... | ... |
### Quick Wins
- [Immediate improvement 1]
- [Immediate improvement 2]
Core Principles
The Four Fundamentals (Bringhurst)
The most important typographic considerations for body text:
- Point size — 16px minimum for body; 14px absolute floor for secondary text
- Line spacing — 1.5-1.7 for body; 1.1-1.3 for headings
- Line length — 45-75 characters (66 ideal); use
max-w-prose(~65ch) - Font choice — Match typeface to content and context
Hierarchy Through Contrast
Establish hierarchy using multiple dimensions:
| Dimension | Low Contrast | High Contrast |
|---|---|---|
| Size | 14px → 16px | 16px → 48px |
| Weight | 400 → 500 | 400 → 700 |
| Color | Gray-600 → Gray-900 | Gray-400 → Black |
| Case | Normal | UPPERCASE |
"Use one typeface per design. Avoid italics and bold—rely on gradations of scale instead." — Massimo Vignelli
Restraint
- 1-2 font families maximum — One serif, one sans if pairing
- 3-4 heading levels in practice — Deeper nesting usually signals structure problems
- Stick to your type scale — Resist arbitrary sizes
- Let whitespace work — Don't fill every gap
"In the new computer age, the proliferation of typefaces represents a new level of visual pollution." — Massimo Vignelli
Type Scales
Modular Scale Ratios
| Name | Ratio | Character |
|---|---|---|
| Minor Second | 1.067 | Subtle, conservative |
| Major Second | 1.125 | Gentle, professional |
| Minor Third | 1.200 | Balanced, versatile |
| Major Third | 1.250 | Bold, impactful |
| Perfect Fourth | 1.333 | Strong hierarchy |
| Golden Ratio | 1.618 | Dramatic, editorial |
Practical Scale (Minor Third @ 16px)
--text-xs: 12px; /* 0.75rem */
--text-sm: 14px; /* 0.875rem */
--text-base: 16px; /* 1rem */
--text-lg: 18px; /* 1.125rem — not in pure scale */
--text-xl: 20px; /* 1.25rem */
--text-2xl: 24px; /* 1.5rem */
--text-3xl: 30px; /* 1.875rem */
--text-4xl: 36px; /* 2.25rem */
--text-5xl: 48px; /* 3rem */
When to Deviate
- Marketing/hero: Larger jumps allowed
- Dense data interfaces: Tighter scale
- Mobile: Slightly larger base (17-18px)
Spacing Guidelines
Line Height by Context
| Context | Line Height | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| Body text | 1.5-1.7 | Generous for readability |
| Headings | 1.1-1.3 | Tighter, especially large sizes |
| UI labels | 1.2-1.4 | Compact but legible |
| Buttons | 1.0-1.25 | Single line, tight |
"The eye does not read letters, but the space between them." — Adrian Frutiger
Letter Spacing
| Context | Tracking | CSS |
|---|---|---|
| Body text | Default or +0.01em | tracking-normal |
| All caps | +0.05em to +0.1em | tracking-wide / tracking-wider |
| Large headings | -0.01em to -0.02em | tracking-tight |
| Small text (<14px) | +0.01em to +0.02em | tracking-wide |
All-caps rule: Always add tracking. Keep short (1-3 words).
Paragraph Spacing
- Between paragraphs: 1em to 1.5em (equal to or slightly more than line-height)
- After headings: Reduced top margin on first paragraph
- Between sections: 2-3× paragraph spacing
Font Selection
System Font Stacks
/* Sans-serif (modern) */
font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji";
/* Serif */
font-family: ui-serif, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", serif;
/* Monospace */
font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
Safe Web Font Recommendations
| Category | Fonts | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Sans-serif | Inter, Source Sans 3, Work Sans, DM Sans | UI, body text |
| Serif | Source Serif 4, Lora, Merriweather, Literata | Editorial, long-form |
| Monospace | JetBrains Mono, Fira Code, Source Code Pro | Code, data |
| Display | Fraunces, Epilogue, Outfit | Headlines |
Pairing Principles
- Pair by contrast — Serif + sans-serif
- Match x-height — For visual harmony when mixed
- Ensure weight availability — Both need needed weights/styles
"A father should not have a favorite among his daughters." — Hermann Zapf (on his typefaces)
Modern CSS Typography
Text Wrapping
/* Balanced line lengths for headings (≤6 lines) */
h1, h2, h3, blockquote, figcaption {
text-wrap: balance;
}
/* Prevent orphans in body text */
p, li {
text-wrap: pretty;
}
Caveat: Don't use balance inside bordered containers—creates visual imbalance.
Fluid Typography
/* Font scales smoothly between breakpoints */
h1 {
font-size: clamp(2rem, 1rem + 4vw, 4rem);
line-height: clamp(1.1, 1.3 - 0.1vw, 1.3);
}
body {
font-size: clamp(1rem, 0.95rem + 0.25vw, 1.125rem);
}
See fluid-typography.md for complete scale.
Text Truncation
/* Single line */
.truncate {
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
/* Multi-line (2 lines) */
.line-clamp-2 {
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 2;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
}
Dark Mode Typography
Weight Adjustment
Text appears heavier on dark backgrounds. Reduce weight slightly:
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
body {
font-weight: 350; /* Instead of 400 */
}
h1, h2, h3 {
font-weight: 600; /* Instead of 700 */
}
}
Font Smoothing
Apply antialiasing on dark backgrounds to counter perceived boldness:
.dark-bg {
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
Color Contrast
- Avoid pure white (#fff) on pure black (#000)—too harsh
- Use off-white (#f5f5f5) and near-black (#1a1a1a)
- Aim for 10:1 to 15:1 contrast in dark mode
Typographic Details
Quotation Marks
Use curly quotes, not straight:
- Correct: "Hello" and 'world'
- Incorrect: "Hello" and 'world'
Dashes
| Type | Character | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Hyphen | - | Word breaks, compounds |
| En dash | – | Ranges (2020–2024), relationships |
| Em dash | — | Parenthetical statements |
Numbers
| Type | Use Case | CSS |
|---|---|---|
| Tabular | Tables, prices, alignment | font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums |
| Proportional | Body text | font-variant-numeric: proportional-nums |
| Old-style | Editorial content | font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums |
| Slashed zero | Code, data | font-feature-settings: "zero" 1 |
See opentype-features.md for complete reference.
Accessibility
Minimums
| Element | Minimum | Preferred |
|---|---|---|
| Body text | 16px | 16-18px |
| Secondary text | 14px | 14-16px |
| Legal/caption | 12px | 12px + increased tracking |
| Contrast ratio | 4.5:1 | 7:1 |
User Preferences
/* Use relative units so users can scale */
body {
font-size: 1rem; /* Not 16px */
}
/* Respect reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
* {
transition: none !important;
}
}
Dyslexia Considerations
- Avoid justified text
- Prefer sans-serif with distinct letterforms (a vs α, l vs 1 vs I)
- Generous line height and paragraph spacing
- Consider offering OpenDyslexic as option
Common Mistakes
Avoid
- All-caps body text or long headings
- Centered body paragraphs
- Line length over 80 characters
- Insufficient contrast for "aesthetic" reasons
- Mixing too many font families (>2)
- Decorative fonts for UI text
- Justified text on the web
- Tiny gray text on white backgrounds
- Letter-spacing on Arabic text
Watch For
- Orphans and widows in prominent text
- Inconsistent heading hierarchy
- Missing font fallbacks
- Layout shift from web font loading
- Underlined text that isn't a link
Quick Implementation
Minimal Professional Setup
:root {
--font-sans: Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif;
--font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;
}
body {
font-family: var(--font-sans);
font-size: clamp(1rem, 0.95rem + 0.25vw, 1.125rem);
line-height: 1.6;
font-feature-settings: "kern" 1, "liga" 1, "calt" 1;
}
h1, h2, h3 {
line-height: 1.2;
text-wrap: balance;
letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
p {
text-wrap: pretty;
max-width: 65ch;
}
code {
font-family: var(--font-mono);
font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums slashed-zero;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
body {
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
}
Tailwind Quick Start
<article class="
prose prose-gray lg:prose-lg
prose-headings:text-balance
prose-p:text-pretty
dark:prose-invert
max-w-prose mx-auto
">
<!-- Content -->
</article>
See tailwind-integration.md for complete patterns.
FAQ
What does the typography skill do?
Apply professional typography principles to create readable, hierarchical, and aesthetically refined interfaces. Use when setting type scales, choosing fonts, adjusting spacing, designing text-heavy layouts, implementing dark mode typography, or when asked about readability, font pairing, line height, measure, typographic hierarchy, variable fonts, font loading, or OpenType features.
How do I install typography?
Run npx skills add https://github.com/petekp/agent-skills --skill typography in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/typography/ (personal) or .claude/skills/typography/ (project).
Which AI agents can use typography?
Any agent that supports the open Agent Skills format (a folder with a SKILL.md file), including Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Gemini CLI, Windsurf, Cline, OpenCode and more.
Is typography safe to install?
No partner security audit is available yet. Skills can run commands and scripts, so read the SKILL.md and any bundled files before installing.
Who maintains typography?
It is published by petekp in petekp/agent-skills. It has 522 recorded installs.
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