MCPInstall

zustand-state-management

by ovachieverFrontend & Design

Build type-safe global state in React applications with Zustand. Supports TypeScript, persist middleware, devtools, slices pattern, and Next.js SSR. Use when setting up React state, migrating from Redux/Context API, implementing localStorage persistence, or troubleshooting Next.js hydration errors, TypeScript inference issues, or infinite render loops.

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Install

Works with every agent the skills CLI supports.

npx skills add https://github.com/ovachiever/droid-tings --skill zustand-state-management
  1. 01

    Install

    Run the command in your project. The CLI asks which agents to install for.

  2. 02

    Describe the task

    Ask your agent for something this skill covers. It loads zustand-state-management automatically when relevant.

  3. 03

    Review the result

    The agent follows the SKILL.md steps, scripts and references bundled with the skill.

SKILL.md

The instructions your agent reads when the skill is triggered.

Zustand State Management

Status: Production Ready ✅ Last Updated: 2025-10-24 Latest Version: zustand@5.0.8 Dependencies: React 18+, TypeScript 5+

Quick Start (3 Minutes)

1. Install Zustand

npm install zustand
# or
pnpm add zustand
# or
yarn add zustand

Why Zustand?

  • Minimal API: Only 1 function to learn (create)
  • No boilerplate: No providers, reducers, or actions
  • TypeScript-first: Excellent type inference
  • Fast: Fine-grained subscriptions prevent unnecessary re-renders
  • Flexible: Middleware for persistence, devtools, and more

2. Create Your First Store (TypeScript)

import { create } from 'zustand'

interface BearStore {
  bears: number
  increase: (by: number) => void
  reset: () => void
}

const useBearStore = create<BearStore>()((set) => ({
  bears: 0,
  increase: (by) => set((state) => ({ bears: state.bears + by })),
  reset: () => set({ bears: 0 }),
}))

CRITICAL: Notice the double parentheses create<T>()() - this is required for TypeScript with middleware.

3. Use Store in Components

import { useBearStore } from './store'

function BearCounter() {
  const bears = useBearStore((state) => state.bears)
  return <h1>{bears} around here...</h1>
}

function Controls() {
  const increase = useBearStore((state) => state.increase)
  return <button onClick={() => increase(1)}>Add bear</button>
}

Why this works:

  • Components only re-render when their selected state changes
  • No Context providers needed
  • Selector function extracts specific state slice

The 3-Pattern Setup Process

Pattern 1: Basic Store (JavaScript)

For simple use cases without TypeScript:

import { create } from 'zustand'

const useStore = create((set) => ({
  count: 0,
  increment: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 })),
  decrement: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count - 1 })),
}))

When to use:

  • Prototyping
  • Small apps
  • No TypeScript in project

Pattern 2: TypeScript Store (Recommended)

For production apps with type safety:

import { create } from 'zustand'

// Define store interface
interface CounterStore {
  count: number
  increment: () => void
  decrement: () => void
}

// Create typed store
const useCounterStore = create<CounterStore>()((set) => ({
  count: 0,
  increment: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 })),
  decrement: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count - 1 })),
}))

Key Points:

  • Separate interface for state + actions
  • Use create<T>()() syntax (currying for middleware)
  • Full IDE autocomplete and type checking

Pattern 3: Persistent Store

For state that survives page reloads:

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { persist, createJSONStorage } from 'zustand/middleware'

interface UserPreferences {
  theme: 'light' | 'dark' | 'system'
  language: string
  setTheme: (theme: UserPreferences['theme']) => void
  setLanguage: (language: string) => void
}

const usePreferencesStore = create<UserPreferences>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      theme: 'system',
      language: 'en',
      setTheme: (theme) => set({ theme }),
      setLanguage: (language) => set({ language }),
    }),
    {
      name: 'user-preferences', // unique name in localStorage
      storage: createJSONStorage(() => localStorage), // optional: defaults to localStorage
    },
  ),
)

Why this matters:

  • State automatically saved to localStorage
  • Restored on page reload
  • Works with sessionStorage too
  • Handles serialization automatically

Critical Rules

Always Do

✅ Use create<T>()() (double parentheses) in TypeScript for middleware compatibility ✅ Define separate interfaces for state and actions ✅ Use selector functions to extract specific state slices ✅ Use set with updater functions for derived state: set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 })) ✅ Use unique names for persist middleware storage keys ✅ Handle Next.js hydration with hasHydrated flag pattern ✅ Use shallow for selecting multiple values ✅ Keep actions pure (no side effects except state updates)

Never Do

❌ Use create<T>(...) (single parentheses) in TypeScript - breaks middleware types ❌ Mutate state directly: set((state) => { state.count++; return state }) - use immutable updates ❌ Create new objects in selectors: useStore((state) => ({ a: state.a })) - causes infinite renders ❌ Use same storage name for multiple stores - causes data collisions ❌ Access localStorage during SSR without hydration check ❌ Use Zustand for server state - use TanStack Query instead ❌ Export store instance directly - always export the hook

Known Issues Prevention

This skill prevents 5 documented issues:

Issue #1: Next.js Hydration Mismatch

Error: "Text content does not match server-rendered HTML" or "Hydration failed"

Source:

Why It Happens: Persist middleware reads from localStorage on client but not on server, causing state mismatch.

Prevention:

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { persist } from 'zustand/middleware'

interface StoreWithHydration {
  count: number
  _hasHydrated: boolean
  setHasHydrated: (hydrated: boolean) => void
  increase: () => void
}

const useStore = create<StoreWithHydration>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      count: 0,
      _hasHydrated: false,
      setHasHydrated: (hydrated) => set({ _hasHydrated: hydrated }),
      increase: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 })),
    }),
    {
      name: 'my-store',
      onRehydrateStorage: () => (state) => {
        state?.setHasHydrated(true)
      },
    },
  ),
)

// In component
function MyComponent() {
  const hasHydrated = useStore((state) => state._hasHydrated)

  if (!hasHydrated) {
    return <div>Loading...</div>
  }

  // Now safe to render with persisted state
  return <ActualContent />
}

Issue #2: TypeScript Double Parentheses Missing

Error: Type inference fails, StateCreator types break with middleware

Source: Official Zustand TypeScript Guide

Why It Happens: The currying syntax create<T>()() is required for middleware to work with TypeScript inference.

Prevention:

// ❌ WRONG - Single parentheses
const useStore = create<MyStore>((set) => ({
  // ...
}))

// ✅ CORRECT - Double parentheses
const useStore = create<MyStore>()((set) => ({
  // ...
}))

Rule: Always use create<T>()() in TypeScript, even without middleware (future-proof).

Issue #3: Persist Middleware Import Error

Error: "Attempted import error: 'createJSONStorage' is not exported from 'zustand/middleware'"

Source: GitHub Discussion #2839

Why It Happens: Wrong import path or version mismatch between zustand and build tools.

Prevention:

// ✅ CORRECT imports for v5
import { create } from 'zustand'
import { persist, createJSONStorage } from 'zustand/middleware'

// Verify versions
// zustand@5.0.8 includes createJSONStorage
// zustand@4.x uses different API

// Check your package.json
// "zustand": "^5.0.8"

Issue #4: Infinite Render Loop

Error: Component re-renders infinitely, browser freezes

Source: GitHub Discussions #2642

Why It Happens: Creating new object references in selectors causes Zustand to think state changed.

Prevention:

import { shallow } from 'zustand/shallow'

// ❌ WRONG - Creates new object every time
const { bears, fishes } = useStore((state) => ({
  bears: state.bears,
  fishes: state.fishes,
}))

// ✅ CORRECT Option 1 - Select primitives separately
const bears = useStore((state) => state.bears)
const fishes = useStore((state) => state.fishes)

// ✅ CORRECT Option 2 - Use shallow for multiple values
const { bears, fishes } = useStore(
  (state) => ({ bears: state.bears, fishes: state.fishes }),
  shallow,
)

Issue #5: Slices Pattern TypeScript Complexity

Error: StateCreator types fail to infer, complex middleware types break

Source: Official Slices Pattern Guide

Why It Happens: Combining multiple slices requires explicit type annotations for middleware compatibility.

Prevention:

import { create, StateCreator } from 'zustand'

// Define slice types
interface BearSlice {
  bears: number
  addBear: () => void
}

interface FishSlice {
  fishes: number
  addFish: () => void
}

// Create slices with proper types
const createBearSlice: StateCreator<
  BearSlice & FishSlice,  // Combined store type
  [],                      // Middleware mutators (empty if none)
  [],                      // Chained middleware (empty if none)
  BearSlice               // This slice's type
> = (set) => ({
  bears: 0,
  addBear: () => set((state) => ({ bears: state.bears + 1 })),
})

const createFishSlice: StateCreator<
  BearSlice & FishSlice,
  [],
  [],
  FishSlice
> = (set) => ({
  fishes: 0,
  addFish: () => set((state) => ({ fishes: state.fishes + 1 })),
})

// Combine slices
const useStore = create<BearSlice & FishSlice>()((...a) => ({
  ...createBearSlice(...a),
  ...createFishSlice(...a),
}))

Middleware Configuration

Persist Middleware (localStorage)

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { persist, createJSONStorage } from 'zustand/middleware'

interface MyStore {
  data: string[]
  addItem: (item: string) => void
}

const useStore = create<MyStore>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      data: [],
      addItem: (item) => set((state) => ({ data: [...state.data, item] })),
    }),
    {
      name: 'my-storage',
      storage: createJSONStorage(() => localStorage),
      partialize: (state) => ({ data: state.data }), // Only persist 'data'
    },
  ),
)

Devtools Middleware (Redux DevTools)

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { devtools } from 'zustand/middleware'

interface CounterStore {
  count: number
  increment: () => void
}

const useStore = create<CounterStore>()(
  devtools(
    (set) => ({
      count: 0,
      increment: () =>
        set(
          (state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 }),
          undefined,
          'counter/increment', // Action name in DevTools
        ),
    }),
    { name: 'CounterStore' }, // Store name in DevTools
  ),
)

Combining Multiple Middlewares

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { devtools, persist } from 'zustand/middleware'

const useStore = create<MyStore>()(
  devtools(
    persist(
      (set) => ({
        // store definition
      }),
      { name: 'my-storage' },
    ),
    { name: 'MyStore' },
  ),
)

Order matters: devtools(persist(...)) shows persist actions in DevTools.

Common Patterns

Pattern: Computed/Derived Values

interface StoreWithComputed {
  items: string[]
  addItem: (item: string) => void
  // Computed in selector, not stored
}

const useStore = create<StoreWithComputed>()((set) => ({
  items: [],
  addItem: (item) => set((state) => ({ items: [...state.items, item] })),
}))

// Use in component
function ItemCount() {
  const count = useStore((state) => state.items.length)
  return <div>{count} items</div>
}

Pattern: Async Actions

interface AsyncStore {
  data: string | null
  isLoading: boolean
  error: string | null
  fetchData: () => Promise<void>
}

const useAsyncStore = create<AsyncStore>()((set) => ({
  data: null,
  isLoading: false,
  error: null,
  fetchData: async () => {
    set({ isLoading: true, error: null })
    try {
      const response = await fetch('/api/data')
      const data = await response.text()
      set({ data, isLoading: false })
    } catch (error) {
      set({ error: (error as Error).message, isLoading: false })
    }
  },
}))

Pattern: Resetting Store

interface ResettableStore {
  count: number
  name: string
  increment: () => void
  reset: () => void
}

const initialState = {
  count: 0,
  name: '',
}

const useStore = create<ResettableStore>()((set) => ({
  ...initialState,
  increment: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 })),
  reset: () => set(initialState),
}))

Pattern: Selector with Params

interface TodoStore {
  todos: Array<{ id: string; text: string; done: boolean }>
  addTodo: (text: string) => void
  toggleTodo: (id: string) => void
}

const useStore = create<TodoStore>()((set) => ({
  todos: [],
  addTodo: (text) =>
    set((state) => ({
      todos: [...state.todos, { id: Date.now().toString(), text, done: false }],
    })),
  toggleTodo: (id) =>
    set((state) => ({
      todos: state.todos.map((todo) =>
        todo.id === id ? { ...todo, done: !todo.done } : todo
      ),
    })),
}))

// Use with parameter
function Todo({ id }: { id: string }) {
  const todo = useStore((state) => state.todos.find((t) => t.id === id))
  const toggleTodo = useStore((state) => state.toggleTodo)

  if (!todo) return null

  return (
    <div>
      <input
        type="checkbox"
        checked={todo.done}
        onChange={() => toggleTodo(id)}
      />
      {todo.text}
    </div>
  )
}

Using Bundled Resources

Templates (templates/)

This skill includes 8 ready-to-use template files:

  • basic-store.ts - Minimal JavaScript store example
  • typescript-store.ts - Properly typed TypeScript store
  • persist-store.ts - localStorage persistence with migration
  • slices-pattern.ts - Modular store organization
  • devtools-store.ts - Redux DevTools integration
  • nextjs-store.ts - SSR-safe Next.js store with hydration
  • computed-store.ts - Derived state patterns
  • async-actions-store.ts - Async operations with loading states

Example Usage:

# Copy template to your project
cp ~/.claude/skills/zustand-state-management/templates/typescript-store.ts src/store/

When to use each:

  • Use basic-store.ts for quick prototypes
  • Use typescript-store.ts for most production apps
  • Use persist-store.ts when state needs to survive page reloads
  • Use slices-pattern.ts for large, complex stores (100+ lines)
  • Use nextjs-store.ts for Next.js projects with SSR

References (references/)

Deep-dive documentation for complex scenarios:

  • middleware-guide.md - Complete middleware documentation (persist, devtools, immer, custom)
  • typescript-patterns.md - Advanced TypeScript patterns and troubleshooting
  • nextjs-hydration.md - SSR, hydration, and Next.js best practices
  • migration-guide.md - Migrating from Redux, Context API, or Zustand v4

When Claude should load these:

  • Load middleware-guide.md when user asks about persistence, devtools, or custom middleware
  • Load typescript-patterns.md when encountering complex type inference issues
  • Load nextjs-hydration.md for Next.js-specific problems
  • Load migration-guide.md when migrating from other state management solutions

Scripts (scripts/)

  • check-versions.sh - Verify Zustand version and compatibility

Usage:

cd your-project/
~/.claude/skills/zustand-state-management/scripts/check-versions.sh

Advanced Topics

Vanilla Store (Without React)

import { createStore } from 'zustand/vanilla'

const store = createStore<CounterStore>()((set) => ({
  count: 0,
  increment: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 })),
}))

// Subscribe to changes
const unsubscribe = store.subscribe((state) => {
  console.log('Count changed:', state.count)
})

// Get current state
console.log(store.getState().count)

// Update state
store.getState().increment()

// Cleanup
unsubscribe()

Custom Middleware

import { StateCreator, StoreMutatorIdentifier } from 'zustand'

type Logger = <T>(
  f: StateCreator<T, [], []>,
  name?: string,
) => StateCreator<T, [], []>

const logger: Logger = (f, name) => (set, get, store) => {
  const loggedSet: typeof set = (...a) => {
    set(...(a as Parameters<typeof set>))
    console.log(`[${name}]:`, get())
  }
  return f(loggedSet, get, store)
}

// Use custom middleware
const useStore = create<MyStore>()(
  logger((set) => ({
    // store definition
  }), 'MyStore'),
)

Immer Middleware (Mutable Updates)

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { immer } from 'zustand/middleware/immer'

interface TodoStore {
  todos: Array<{ id: string; text: string }>
  addTodo: (text: string) => void
}

const useStore = create<TodoStore>()(
  immer((set) => ({
    todos: [],
    addTodo: (text) =>
      set((state) => {
        // Mutate directly with Immer
        state.todos.push({ id: Date.now().toString(), text })
      }),
  })),
)

Dependencies

Required:

  • zustand@5.0.8 - State management library
  • react@18.0.0+ - React framework

Optional:

  • @types/node - For TypeScript path resolution
  • immer - For mutable update syntax
  • Redux DevTools Extension - For devtools middleware

Official Documentation

Package Versions (Verified 2025-10-24)

{
  "dependencies": {
    "zustand": "^5.0.8",
    "react": "^19.0.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^22.0.0",
    "typescript": "^5.0.0"
  }
}

Compatibility:

  • React 18+, React 19 ✅
  • TypeScript 5+ ✅
  • Next.js 14+, Next.js 15+ ✅
  • Vite 5+ ✅

Troubleshooting

Problem: Store updates don't trigger re-renders

Solution: Ensure you're using selector functions, not destructuring: const bears = useStore(state => state.bears) not const { bears } = useStore()

Problem: TypeScript errors with middleware

Solution: Use double parentheses: create<T>()() not create<T>()

Problem: Persist middleware causes hydration error

Solution: Implement _hasHydrated flag pattern (see Issue #1)

Problem: Actions not showing in Redux DevTools

Solution: Pass action name as third parameter to set: set(newState, undefined, 'actionName')

Problem: Store state resets unexpectedly

Solution: Check if using HMR (hot module replacement) - Zustand resets on module reload in development

Complete Setup Checklist

Use this checklist to verify your Zustand setup:

  • Installed zustand@5.0.8 or later
  • Created store with proper TypeScript types
  • Used create<T>()() double parentheses syntax
  • Tested selector functions in components
  • Verified components only re-render when selected state changes
  • If using persist: Configured unique storage name
  • If using persist: Implemented hydration check for Next.js
  • If using devtools: Named actions for debugging
  • If using slices: Properly typed StateCreator for each slice
  • All actions are pure functions
  • No direct state mutations
  • Store works in production build

Questions? Issues?

  1. Check references/typescript-patterns.md for TypeScript help
  2. Check references/nextjs-hydration.md for Next.js issues
  3. Check references/middleware-guide.md for persist/devtools help
  4. Official docs: https://zustand.docs.pmnd.rs/
  5. GitHub issues: https://github.com/pmndrs/zustand/issues

FAQ

What does the zustand-state-management skill do?

Build type-safe global state in React applications with Zustand. Supports TypeScript, persist middleware, devtools, slices pattern, and Next.js SSR. Use when setting up React state, migrating from Redux/Context API, implementing localStorage persistence, or troubleshooting Next.js hydration errors, TypeScript inference issues, or infinite render loops.

How do I install zustand-state-management?

Run npx skills add https://github.com/ovachiever/droid-tings --skill zustand-state-management in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/zustand-state-management/ (personal) or .claude/skills/zustand-state-management/ (project).

Which AI agents can use zustand-state-management?

Any agent that supports the open Agent Skills format (a folder with a SKILL.md file), including Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Gemini CLI, Windsurf, Cline, OpenCode and more.

Is zustand-state-management safe to install?

No partner security audit is available yet. Skills can run commands and scripts, so read the SKILL.md and any bundled files before installing.

Who maintains zustand-state-management?

It is published by ovachiever in ovachiever/droid-tings. It has 78 recorded installs.

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