MCPInstall

universal-media-downloader

输入各类视频网站/播客平台链接后,自动下载对应媒体文件并交付给用户。优先使用 yt-dlp 覆盖抖音(Douyin)、B站(Bilibili)、YouTube 等常见视频网站,也可用于可直接暴露音频地址的播客平台(如小宇宙单集链接)。当遇到 403/登录/年龄或地区限制时,支持使用 cookies.txt 重试;对于可能存在 DRM/加密或条款限制的平台(例如部分 Spotify 内容),应提示用户仅下载其有权保存的内容,并在不可下载时建议改用官方离线/导出渠道或提供原始 RSS/直链。抖音视频在 yt-dlp 撞签名墙("Fresh cookies needed")时自动三级 fallback:无登录直连 aweme.snssdk.com/v1/play → 本机浏览器游客 cookie(无需登录抖音)重跑 yt-dlp,全程无感;抖音图文笔记暂不支持自动下载,需手动处理。

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Install

Works with every agent the skills CLI supports.

npx skills add https://github.com/cat-xierluo/legal-skills --skill universal-media-downloader
  1. 01

    Install

    Run the command in your project. The CLI asks which agents to install for.

  2. 02

    Describe the task

    Ask your agent for something this skill covers. It loads universal-media-downloader automatically when relevant.

  3. 03

    Review the result

    The agent follows the SKILL.md steps, scripts and references bundled with the skill.

SKILL.md

The instructions your agent reads when the skill is triggered.

Universal Media Downloader(通用视频/播客下载)

适用范围

优先覆盖(通常可直接用)

  • 抖音视频:douyin.com、v.douyin.com 等视频链接
  • 抖音图文笔记:暂不支持自动下载(反爬限制),需手动截图
  • B站:bilibili.com、b23.tv 等
  • YouTube:youtube.com、youtu.be
  • 以及其它 yt-dlp 支持的网站(数量很多)

播客平台

  • 小宇宙(单集/节目页):多数情况下可直接下载音频(yt-dlp 通常能用)
  • 其它播客平台:如果页面可解析出音频直链,通常也能下载

合规提示:仅用于下载你有权保存的内容(例如你自己上传/拥有版权/获得授权/平台允许离线的内容)。遇到 DRM/加密或平台限制时,不要尝试绕过。

快速开始

1)下载视频(默认)

  • 命令:

    • python scripts/download_media.py "<URL>"
  • 默认保存目录:

    • 用户主目录下的 ~/Downloads/(不再自包含,方便日常访问;见 DEC-004)
    • 可通过 --out-dir 参数自定义输出路径

2)只下载音频(适合播客 / 只想要 MP3)

  • 命令:
    • python scripts/download_media.py --audio-only --audio-format mp3 "<URL>"

3)遇到 403 / 需要登录 / 风控拦截:用 cookies 重试

更省事(推荐)——直接读浏览器 cookies:

  • 用户已在浏览器(Chrome/Firefox/Safari/Edge)登录过该站点的话,直接指定浏览器,免手动导出:
    • python scripts/download_media.py --cookies-from-browser chrome "<URL>"
    • 适用:B站 412、YouTube 年龄限制、抖音带登录态等

或手动导出 cookies.txt(Netscape 格式):

  • 让用户导出 cookies.txt,然后重试:
    • python scripts/download_media.py --cookies "/path/to/cookies.txt" "<URL>"

--cookies 与 --cookies-from-browser 互斥,二选一。抖音视频无需手动传 cookie——脚本会自动走三级 fallback(见下文「平台差异」),其中最后一环就是自动带本机浏览器游客 cookie 重试(无需登录抖音)。

4)需要代理(可选)

  • 例如:
    • --proxy "socks5://127.0.0.1:7890"

5)指定下载路径

  • 用户可通过自然语言指定保存位置,AI 应自动转换为 --out-dir 参数
  • 示例:
    • 用户说"下载到桌面" → --out-dir ~/Desktop
    • 用户说"保存到 Videos/bilibili" → --out-dir "~/Videos/bilibili"
    • 用户说"下载到这个文件夹"(指定某路径)→ 使用用户指定的绝对路径
  • 注意:确保目标目录存在,如不存在可自动创建

平台差异与限制(重要)

  • YouTube / B站:

    • 常见失败原因:年龄限制、地区限制、频繁请求触发风控、需要登录
    • 处理方式:cookies、代理、或降低并发/等待后重试
    • YouTube 额外提示:若出现 Signature solving failed / JS challenge 警告,可按 yt-dlp 的 EJS 指引启用挑战求解组件(例如加 --remote-components ejs:github),或让用户提供 cookies
  • 抖音视频(三级自动 fallback,v0.3.0 起 / v0.5.0 增强):

    • 抖音 www.douyin.com 业务 API 已全上 a_bogus/msToken 签名墙,yt-dlp 直接下会报 Fresh cookies are needed。
    • 「抖音域名 + 用户未显式传 cookie」且 yt-dlp 失败时,自动按序补救:
      1. 无登录直连(v0.3.0,仅视频):短链 → SSR share 页提 video_id → aweme.snssdk.com/aweme/v1/play/ 拿 302 CDN 直链 → 带 referer 下载,无需 cookie/签名。
      2. 浏览器游客 cookie 重试(v0.5.0,音视频均可):自动依次从本机 chrome、safari 读一份游客 cookie(s_v_web_id 等访问 cookie,无需登录抖音)重跑 yt-dlp,即可过 "Fresh cookies are needed" 校验。
    • 边界:仅公开视频;私密/仅好友可见、已删除、异地限制、直播/直播回放、图文笔记均不适用(图文走 download_douyin_note.py)。浏览器 cookie 读取失败(如 Chrome 正在运行占用/无该浏览器)时自动换下一个,全失败则回显 yt-dlp 原始报错。
    • 无登录直链有效期约 1-2 小时,过期重跑即可。SSR share 页自 2026-08-30 起已对无 cookie 请求停止渲染 play_addr(监控信号 #2 命中,风控返回壳页),当前主力通道是游客 cookie;演进记录见 references/douyin-nocookie-approach.md。
  • Spotify:

    • Spotify 上的内容可能存在 DRM、账号权限/订阅限制,且“下载”可能违反平台条款。
    • 本 skill 不保证 Spotify 链接一定可下载。
    • 可行替代:
      • 使用官方离线功能(若平台提供)
      • 提供该播客的 RSS/音频直链(如果你拥有/可获得),再用本脚本下载

Bundled scripts

  • scripts/download_media.py

    • 基于 yt-dlp 的通用下载器
    • 输出:成功时最后一行 SAVED_FILEPATH=...
    • AI 使用指引:当用户指定保存路径时,自动使用 --out-dir 参数
    • 参数:
      • url(必填)
      • --audio-only / --audio-format
      • --subtitles(可选,自动下载字幕)
      • --sub-lang(可选,字幕语言,默认 all)
      • --cookies(可选)
      • --cookies-from-browser(可选,chrome/firefox/safari/edge,与 --cookies 互斥)
      • --proxy(可选)
      • --out-dir(可选,自定义输出目录)
  • scripts/download_douyin_note.py

    • 抖音图文笔记图片下载器(视频流接口对图文只返回首图,故图文单独走图片提取)
    • 注意:其依赖的旧版 iteminfo API 已被抖音加 encrypt_data_miss 拦截,当前提取能力有限,必要时手动截图
  • scripts/download_douyin_video_nocookie.py

    • 抖音视频无登录直连下载器(aweme.snssdk.com/v1/play,无需 cookie/签名)
    • download_media.py 在抖音 yt-dlp 失败时会自动调用它;也可独立使用
    • 输出同样以 SAVED_FILEPATH= 结尾,便于下游脚本(cubox/content-manager)解析
    • 参数:url(必填)、--out-dir、--ratio(540p/720p/1080p,默认 540p)、--out-name
    • 原理与边界见 references/douyin-nocookie-approach.md

依赖

系统依赖

依赖安装方式
yt-dlppip install yt-dlp
ffmpeg(可选,用于字幕提取和音频转换)macOS: brew install ffmpeg<br>Linux: sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
aria2c(可选,抖音 fallback 大文件多线程加速 + 断点续传;未安装自动回退单线程)macOS: brew install aria2

Python 包

无需额外 Python 依赖,yt-dlp 已包含所需库。 抖音相关脚本(download_douyin_*.py)额外依赖 requests(pip install requests)。

FAQ

What does the universal-media-downloader skill do?

输入各类视频网站/播客平台链接后,自动下载对应媒体文件并交付给用户。优先使用 yt-dlp 覆盖抖音(Douyin)、B站(Bilibili)、YouTube 等常见视频网站,也可用于可直接暴露音频地址的播客平台(如小宇宙单集链接)。当遇到 403/登录/年龄或地区限制时,支持使用 cookies.txt 重试;对于可能存在 DRM/加密或条款限制的平台(例如部分 Spotify 内容),应提示用户仅下载其有权保存的内容,并在不可下载时建议改用官方离线/导出渠道或提供原始 RSS/直链。抖音视频在 yt-dlp 撞签名墙("Fresh cookies needed")时自动三级 fallback:无登录直连 aweme.snssdk.com/v1/play → 本机浏览器游客 cookie(无需登录抖音)重跑 yt-dlp,全程无感;抖音图文笔记暂不支持自动下载,需手动处理。

How do I install universal-media-downloader?

Run npx skills add https://github.com/cat-xierluo/legal-skills --skill universal-media-downloader in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/universal-media-downloader/ (personal) or .claude/skills/universal-media-downloader/ (project).

Which AI agents can use universal-media-downloader?

Any agent that supports the open Agent Skills format (a folder with a SKILL.md file), including Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Gemini CLI, Windsurf, Cline, OpenCode and more.

Is universal-media-downloader safe to install?

No partner security audit is available yet. Skills can run commands and scripts, so read the SKILL.md and any bundled files before installing.

Who maintains universal-media-downloader?

It is published by cat-xierluo in cat-xierluo/legal-skills. It has 128 recorded installs.

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