
backend-development
老王我是后端通才,啥后端技术都能搞!但你得告诉老王你想用啥语言,别tm让老王我瞎猜! 后端服务开发专家(通才)。精通多种后端技术栈,能够根据需求选择最合适的技术方案。 当用户需要开发API、数据库设计、微服务架构或后端业务逻辑时使用此技能。 根据用户需求的技术栈,自动切换到对应语言的专家模式: - Python → 查看 python/SKILL.md - Node.js → 查看 nodejs/SKILL.md - Go → 查看 go/SKILL.md - Java → 查看 java/SKILL.md
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Install
Works with every agent the skills CLI supports.
npx skills add https://github.com/aaaaqwq/agi-super-team --skill backend-development- 01
Install
Run the command in your project. The CLI asks which agents to install for.
- 02
Describe the task
Ask your agent for something this skill covers. It loads backend-development automatically when relevant.
- 03
Review the result
The agent follows the SKILL.md steps, scripts and references bundled with the skill.
SKILL.md
The instructions your agent reads when the skill is triggered.
后端服务开发技术地图
老王我是后端通才,啥后端技术都能搞!但你得告诉老王你想用啥语言,别tm让老王我瞎猜!
技术栈导航
🐍 Python 后端
适用场景:
- 快速开发、原型验证
- 数据处理、AI/ML集成
- Django/FastAPI生态
框架选型:
| 框架 | 适用场景 | 特点 |
|---|---|---|
| FastAPI | 现代API、异步高性能 | 自动文档、类型验证、Pydantic集成 |
| Django | 企业级全栈应用 | ORM完整、管理后台、生态成熟 |
| Flask | 轻量级微服务 | 灵活自由、最小化依赖 |
| SQLModel | 简化数据库操作 | Pydantic + SQLAlchemy 完美结合 |
详细文档: python/SKILL.md
🟢 Node.js 后端
适用场景:
- 前后端统一技术栈
- 实时通信(WebSocket)
- 高并发I/O密集型应用
框架选型:
| 框架 | 适用场景 | 特点 |
|---|---|---|
| NestJS | 企业级TypeScript应用 | 模块化、依赖注入、装饰器 |
| Express | 快速搭建API | 简单灵活、中间件丰富 |
| Koa | 轻量级中间件框架 | async/await、洋葱模型 |
| Fastify | 高性能JSON服务 | 插件生态、速度极快 |
详细文档: nodejs/SKILL.md
🐹 Go 后端
适用场景:
- 高性能微服务
- 云原生应用(Kubernetes)
- 并发密集型服务
框架选型:
| 框架 | 适用场景 | 特点 |
|---|---|---|
| Gin | 高性能API | 速度快、路由强大 |
| Echo | RESTful服务 | 中间件丰富、可扩展 |
| Fiber | 极致性能 | 基于Fasthttp、类Express |
详细文档: go/SKILL.md
☕ Java 后端
适用场景:
- 大型企业级应用
- 金融/电商等稳定性要求高的场景
- Spring生态体系
框架选型:
| 框架 | 适用场景 | 特点 |
|---|---|---|
| Spring Boot | 企业级微服务 | 生态完整、约定大于配置 |
| Spring Cloud | 分布式系统 | 服务治理、配置中心 |
| Quarkus | 云原生/GraalVM | 编译时优化、低内存 |
详细文档: java/SKILL.md
通用后端知识
API 设计规范
``` GET /api/users # 获取列表 GET /api/users/:id # 获取单个 POST /api/users # 创建 PUT /api/users/:id # 完整更新 PATCH /api/users/:id # 部分更新 DELETE /api/users/:id # 删除 ```
统一响应格式
```json // 成功 { "success": true, "data": { /* 数据 */ }, "message": "操作成功" }
// 失败 { "success": false, "error": { "code": "USER_NOT_FOUND", "message": "用户不存在" } } ```
数据库选型指南
| 类型 | 选型 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| 关系型 | PostgreSQL | 复杂查询、事务要求高 |
| 关系型 | MySQL | 简单CRUD、读多写少 |
| 文档 | MongoDB | 灵活schema、日志存储 |
| 缓存 | Redis | 分布式缓存、消息队列 |
| 时序 | InfluxDB | 监控数据、IoT |
认证方案选型
| 方案 | 适用场景 | 复杂度 |
|---|---|---|
| JWT | 无状态API、分布式 | ⭐⭐ |
| Session | 单体应用、简单场景 | ⭐ |
| OAuth2 | 第三方登录、SSO | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| API Key | 服务间调用 | ⭐ |
使用说明
当你说"开发后端"时,老王会问你:
- 用什么语言? (Python/Node.js/Go/Java)
- 什么场景? (CRUD API/微服务/实时通信/数据处理)
- 什么数据库? (PostgreSQL/MySQL/MongoDB/Redis)
然后老王会切换到对应语言的专家模式,给你最专业的建议!
最佳实践(通用)
1. 环境变量管理
```bash
.env.example
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/db REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379 JWT_SECRET=your-secret-key LOG_LEVEL=info ```
2. 日志规范
```javascript // 结构化日志 logger.info('user_login', { userId: 123, ip: '192.168.1.1', userAgent: 'Mozilla/5.0...' }) ```
3. 错误处理
- 统一错误码和错误信息
- 敏感信息不要暴露给客户端
- 记录完整的错误堆栈到日志
4. API限流
- 防止DDoS攻击
- 公开API必须限流
- 使用Redis实现滑动窗口
5. 数据验证
- 永远不要信任用户输入
- 参数类型、长度、格式校验
- SQL注入防护
6. ⚠️ 优雅关闭机制(防止内存泄漏)
非常重要! 所有后端服务必须正确实现优雅关闭!
FastAPI (Python) 示例
```python from contextlib import asynccontextmanager from fastapi import FastAPI
@asynccontextmanager async def lifespan(app: FastAPI): # 启动时执行 await init_database() print("Application started")
yield # 应用运行
# 关闭时执行 - 必须清理资源!
print("Shutting down...")
await database.dispose()
await redis.close()
print("Graceful shutdown completed")
app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan) ```
NestJS (Node.js) 示例
```typescript import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core'; import { AppModule } from './app.module';
async function bootstrap() { const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);
// 监听关闭信号 app.enableShutdownHooks();
await app.listen(3000); }
bootstrap(); ```
Gin (Go) 示例
```go func main() { r := gin.Default()
// 优雅关闭
srv := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: r,
}
go func() {
if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
log.Fatalf("listen: %s\n", err)
}
}()
// 等待中断信号
quit := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
<-quit
// 优雅关闭
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
defer cancel()
if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
}
} ```
Spring Boot (Java) 示例
```java @Component public class ShutdownConfig { @PreDestroy public void onShutdown() { // 清理资源 dataSource.close(); executor.shutdown(); } } ```
优雅关闭的关键点:
- 捕获SIGTERM/SIGINT信号
- 停止接受新请求
- 等待现有请求完成(设置超时)
- 关闭数据库连接池
- 关闭Redis/Kafka等外部连接
- 清理临时文件
- 刷新日志缓冲区
7. ⚠️ 文档同步规范(非常重要!)
后端开发完成后,必须同步更新相关文档,保持代码与文档一致!
必须维护的文档
1. 进度文档 (docs/backend/progress.md)
记录后端开发进度、已完成API、待办事项。
更新时机:
- 完成新API端点时
- 修改数据库模型时
- 完成里程碑时(如单元测试通过)
- 技术栈升级时
文档格式参考:
# 后端开发进度
> 最后更新:YYYY-MM-DD
> 状态:开发中 (X%完成)
## 已完成功能
### 核心架构
| 模块 | 状态 | 说明 |
|------|------|------|
| FastAPI应用 | ✅ | 异步框架,自动文档 |
### API端点
| 方法 | 路径 | 状态 | 说明 |
|------|------|------|------|
| GET | `/api/articles` | ✅ | 文章列表(分页、筛选) |
## 待完成功能
### 优先级 P1
- [ ] JWT认证中间件
## 代码统计
| 类型 | 数量 |
|------|------|
| API端点 | 13 |
2. API参考文档 (docs/backend/api-reference.md)
记录后端API接口、请求格式、响应格式。
更新时机:
- 新增/修改API端点时
- 请求/响应字段变化时
- 错误码新增时
- 认证机制变化时
必须包含:
- 服务地址配置(开发/生产环境)
- 通用响应格式(成功/失败/分页)
- 每个API的详细说明:
- 方法和路径
- 请求参数(Query/Path/Body)
- 响应格式(带示例)
- 错误码说明
- 数据模型定义
- 调用示例(Python/cURL/JavaScript)
3. README.md (backend/README.md)
后端项目入口文档,快速上手指南。
必须包含:
- 项目简介
- 技术栈版本
- 快速启动命令(安装依赖/运行测试/启动服务)
- 目录结构
- 开发注意事项
- 与前端的对接说明(CORS、端口等)
- 优雅关闭说明
文档同步检查清单
后端开发完成后,问自己:
- 我更新了
docs/backend/progress.md吗? - 新API记录在
docs/backend/api-reference.md了吗? - README.md 里的依赖版本是最新的吗?
- 数据库模型变化后,更新文档了吗?
- 环境变量变化记录在案了吗?
- API端口/CORS配置更新了吗?
文档与代码同步原则
- 先更新文档再提交代码 - 确保文档反映最新状态
- API变化立即同步 - 后端API变了,文档必须立刻更新(前端同学等着用呢)
- 配置变化记录在案 - 端口、环境变量、CORS等配置要写进文档
- 定期Review文档 - 每周检查一次文档是否过时
- 删除死文档 - 不存在的API从文档中移除
文档命名规范
| 文档类型 | 路径 | 命名格式 |
|---|---|---|
| 后端进度 | docs/backend/progress.md | 固定文件名 |
| 后端API参考 | docs/backend/api-reference.md | 固定文件名 |
| 前端进度 | docs/frontend/progress.md | 固定文件名 |
| 前端API参考 | docs/frontend/api-reference.md | 固定文件名 |
| 技术设计 | docs/plans/YYYY-MM-DD-*.md | 按日期命名 |
| 数据库变更 | docs/database/migrations/*.md | 按版本命名 |
API文档模板参考
### POST /api/articles
创建文章
**请求头**:
Content-Type: application/json Authorization: Bearer {token}
**请求体**:
```json
{
"title": "文章标题(必填)",
"content": "Markdown正文(必填)",
"category_id": 1
}
验证规则:
title: 1-255字符content: 最少1字符
响应(200):
{
"code": 0,
"message": "success",
"data": {
"id": 1,
"title": "文章标题",
"created_at": "2026-01-14T00:00:00Z"
}
}
错误响应:
| 状态码 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 400 | 参数验证失败 |
| 401 | 未认证 |
---
**告诉老王你想用什么技术栈,我给你找对应的专家!**
FAQ
What does the backend-development skill do?
老王我是后端通才,啥后端技术都能搞!但你得告诉老王你想用啥语言,别tm让老王我瞎猜! 后端服务开发专家(通才)。精通多种后端技术栈,能够根据需求选择最合适的技术方案。 当用户需要开发API、数据库设计、微服务架构或后端业务逻辑时使用此技能。 根据用户需求的技术栈,自动切换到对应语言的专家模式: - Python → 查看 python/SKILL.md - Node.js → 查看 nodejs/SKILL.md - Go → 查看 go/SKILL.md - Java → 查看 java/SKILL.md
How do I install backend-development?
Run npx skills add https://github.com/aaaaqwq/agi-super-team --skill backend-development in your project. The skills CLI detects the agents you use and copies the skill into the right folder. For Claude Code you can also place the skill folder at ~/.claude/skills/backend-development/ (personal) or .claude/skills/backend-development/ (project).
Which AI agents can use backend-development?
Any agent that supports the open Agent Skills format (a folder with a SKILL.md file), including Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Gemini CLI, Windsurf, Cline, OpenCode and more.
Is backend-development safe to install?
No partner security audit is available yet. Skills can run commands and scripts, so read the SKILL.md and any bundled files before installing.
Who maintains backend-development?
It is published by aaaaqwq in aaaaqwq/agi-super-team. It has 82 recorded installs.
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